Symbolism in Lord of the Flies - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 1031 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2019/04/12 Category Literature Essay Level High school Topics: Lord of The Flies Essay Did you like this example? Lord of the Flies Essay Symbolism is a very powerful literary device that helps the reader better understand a novel. Certain colors can hold meaning, and this meaning can change throughout the novel. Lord of the Flies by William Golding tells the story of a group of boys from London who are stranded on a deserted island during WWII. The book displays Golding’s thoughts on how humans act when there are no societal rules. The novel uses symbols to show how quickly the boys on the island descend into violence, and how extreme that violence really is. This symbol leads to a deeper understanding of how when society is not watching, things can become horrific. Over the course of the novel, the color pink progresses from a symbol of innocence and order to representing death and disappointment, demonstrating that without rules, man loses structure and devolves into chaos. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Symbolism in Lord of the Flies" essay for you Create order At the beginning of the novel, the color pink represents peace and calm. At this time, the island is unscathed. When the boys first land, they explore the land to determine if it is an island or not. In their journey, they mention multiple times a serene pink cliff: â€Å"The most usual feature of the rock was a pink cliff surmounted by a skewed block; and that again surmounted, and that again, till the pinkness became a stack of balanced rock projecting through the looped fantasy of the forest creepers. Where the pink cliffs rose out of the ground there were often narrow tracks winding upwards† (Golding 26). Since everything is fine so far, the island being described as pink in the very beginning shows that pink is tied to innocence. The â€Å"pink cliff† (Golding 26). is mentioned many times throughout the beginning of the boys’ stay on the island. The color is also something calming. After a job is completed, in this case laboriously gathering wood to make a fire, the color is mentioned to describe the island once more accompanied by a mood of accomplishment: â€Å"One by one, as they sensed that the pile was complete, the boys stopped going back for more and stood, with the pink, shattered top of the mountain around them. Breath came evenly by now, and sweat dried† (Golding 39). After doing a difficult job, the boys stop for a minute and appreciate it, surrounded by the beautiful pink mountain. This image of the beautiful pink mountain along with the satisfaction of a job well done demonstrates that pink symbolizes peace and calm in the beginning of the novel. As the story of the boys progresses, the color pink begins to symbolize death and disappointment. Tension forms between the boys because one of them, Jack Merridew, believes he can be a better leader for the group than their current leader, Ralph. This causes a lot of hate and the color pink starts to reflect it. The color of the conch shell which represents leadership, but it begins to fade: â€Å"Exposure to the air had bleached the yellow and pink to near-white, and transparency† (Golding 72). The conch shell’s color is becoming bleached, signaling that leadership and civilization is starting to die. And, without leadership, the boys have no support system and things can easily fall through the cracks. The color pink is used again to describe a peaceful scene when Jack’s group of hunters finds another pig to kill: â€Å"A little apart from the rest, sunk in deep maternal bliss, lay the largest sow of the lot. She was black and pink; and the great bladder of her belly was fringed with a row of piglets that slept or burrowed and squeaked. [] One piglet, with a demented shriek, rushed into the sea trailing Rogers spear behind it. The sow gave a gasping squeal and staggered up, with two spears sticking in her fat flank† (Golding 134). The matronly nature of the sow and how brutally they killed its pink body shows that even though pink is still being used to describe a peaceful scene, the serene situation is destroyed in the end. The color pink also symbolizes disappointment and death later in the novel. When Piggy dies, he falls off the pink cliff and into the sea: â€Å"Then the sea breathed again in a long, slow sigh, the water boiled white and pink over the rock; and when it went, sucking back again, the body of Piggy was gone† (Golding 181). The sea sighs before turning pink with Piggy’s blood, showing a disappointment in the fact that three people have died on the island. The color pink has changes from a symbol of peace to one of death. The theme of Lord of the Flies By William Golding is that without rules, man loses structure and devolves into chaos. This is very evident through the change in meaning of the color pink. Pink represents a peaceful color in the beginning. This highlights how fresh and new the island is. But, as the boys begin to make the island their own, the meaning of the color changes. First, the unscathed island is described as pink multiple times, showing how peaceful their original situation is. But, by the end, pink had been used to describe blood in the ocean surrounding the island. The color pink amplifies the fact that these seemingly innocent children have the power to do some serious damage if left without a stable civilization. The theme of the book is shone through this symbol to better intensify its message. In Lord of the Flies, the color pink changes throughout the course of the novel, thus highlighting that without rules for the boys to live by, the situation can turn disastrous very quickly. The boys realize that the seemingly annoying rules that their parents set for them are no longer in place, so they are free to do whatever they please. Things quickly go south. Through the description of the island at the beginning and the description of the surrounding ocean at the end, the color pink begins by representing peace and ends by representing death. The development of the symbol shows that people can easily turn to violence if there are no rules to regulate their actions.

The Handmaid s Tale, By Margaret Atwood - 1779 Words

Why is the persisting theme of misogyny unavoidable for females? In the year 2008, the Association of Women for Action and Research (AWARE) conducted a survey on workplace sexual harassment. Out of 500 respondents from 92 companies, seventy-nine percent of sexual harassment victims were females. In the Republic of Gilead of Margaret Atwood’s novel The Handmaid’s Tale, the protagonist and narrator, Offred is a handmaid with a ticking biological clock. A Handmaid’s purpose is to repopulate the world by having sex with their respective Commander’s but at the age of 33, Offred does not have that much time left. If she remains infertile then a cruel fate would be awaiting her, All the while during this crisis, Offred reminisces back to†¦show more content†¦When the Commander went to with Offred to Jezebel’s, a brothel filled with loose women. The Commander puts a tag which helps identify Offred so that she would not be mistaken for a prostitute . When the tag was put on Offred, she thinks the Commander views her more as his property and less like an actual human being. Through Offred s narration, Atwood depicts the females of Gilead are robbed of any traces of their identity. Furthermore, the modesty taught and practised by the handmaid s also helps show that the theme of misogyny is an everyday part of life. The modesty of the Republic of Gilead is oppressive towards females. This oppressive version of modesty is best defined when Aunt Lydia says, â€Å"Modesty is invisibility†(33). Aunt Lydia compares modesty to being invisible. Being modest should mean that you maintain your inhibitions so that you remain humble, not for you to become invisible. This incorrect form of modesty taught to the handmaids is on display when Offred says, â€Å"Like this†¦ I used to dress like that. That was freedom. Westernized, they used to call it†(32). When Offred meets the Japanese tourist, she becomes jealous of the o penness and the femininity that women from other countries seem to enjoy on a daily basis. Freedoms like dressing in a â€Å"westernised† fashion are inconceivable to Offred. These cruel limitations on females are not only evident in Handmaid s, but also with other females likeShow MoreRelatedThe Handmaid s Tale By Margaret Atwood1357 Words   |  6 PagesOxford definition: â€Å"the advocacy of women s rights on the ground of the equality of the sexes† (Oxford dictionary). In the novel The Handmaid’s Tale, Margaret Atwood explores feminism through the themes of women’s bodies as political tools, the dynamics of rape culture and the society of complacency. Margaret Atwood was born in 1939, at the beginning of WWII, growing up in a time of fear. In the autumn of 1984, when she began writing The Handmaid’s Tale, she was living in West Berlin. The BerlinRead MoreThe Handmaid s Tale By Margaret Atwood1249 Words   |  5 PagesDystopian Research Essay: The Handmaid’s Tale by Margaret Atwood In the words of Erika Gottlieb With control of the past comes domination of the future. A dystopia reflects and discusses major tendencies in contemporary society. The Handmaid s Tale is a dystopian novel written by Margaret Atwood in 1985. The novel follows its protagonist Offred as she lives in a society focused on physical and spiritual oppression of the female identity. Within The Handmaid s Tale it is evident that through the explorationRead MoreThe Handmaid s Tale By Margaret Atwood1060 Words   |  5 Pagesideologies that select groups of people are to be subjugated. The Handmaid’s Tale by Margaret Atwood plays on this idea dramatically: the novel describes the oppression of women in a totalitarian theocracy. Stripped of rights, fertile women become sex objects for the politically elite. These women, called the Handmaids, are forced to cover themselves and exist for the sole purpose of providing children. The Handmaid’s Tale highlights the issue of sexism while also providing a cruel insight into theRead MoreThe Handmaid s Tale By Margaret Atwood1659 Words   |  7 Pagesbook The Handmaid s Tale by Margaret Atwood, the foremost theme is identity, due to the fact that the city where the entire novel takes place in, the city known as the Republic of Gilead, often shortened to Gilead, strips fertile women of their identities. Gilead is a society that demands the women who are able to have offspring be stripped of all the identity and rights. By demeaning these women, they no longer view themselves as an individual, but rather as a group- the group of Handmaids. It isRead MoreThe Handmaid s Tale By Margaret Atwood1237 Words   |  5 Pages The display of a dystopian society is distinctively shown in The Handmaid’s Tale, by Margaret Atwood. Featuring the Republic of Gilead, women are categorized by their differing statuses and readers get an insight into this twisted society through the lenses of the narrator; Offred. Categorized as a handmaid, Offred’s sole purpose in living is to simply and continuously play the role of a child-bearing vessel. That being the case, there is a persistent notion that is relatively brought up by thoseRead MoreThe Handmaid s Tale By Margaret Atwood1548 Words   |  7 PagesIn Margaret Atwood’s The Handmaid’s Tale, The theme of gender, sexuality, and desire reigns throughout the novel as it follows the life of Offred and other characters. Attwood begins the novel with Offred, a first person narrator who feels as if she is misplaced when she is describing her sleeping scenery at the decaying school gymnasium. The narrator, Offred, explains how for her job she is assigned to a married Commander’s house where she is obligated to have sex with him on a daily basis, so thatRead MoreThe Handmaid s Tale, By Margaret Atwood1629 Words   |  7 Pages Atwood s novel, The Handmaid s Tale depicts a not too futuristic society of Gilead, a society that overthrows the U.S. Government and institutes a totalitarian regime that seems to persecute women specifically. Told from the main character s point of view, Offred, explains the Gilead regime and its patriarchal views on some women, known as the handmaids, to a purely procreational function. The story is set the present tense in Gilead but frequently shifts to flashbacks in her time at the RedRead MoreThe Handmaid s Tale By Margaret Atwood1256 Words   |  6 Pageshappened to Jews in Germany, slaves during Christopher Columbus’s days, slaves in the early 1900s in America, etc. When people systematically oppress one another, it leads to internal oppression of the oppressed. This is evident in Margaret Atwood’s book, The Handmaid’s Tale. This dystopian fiction book is about a young girl, Offred, who lives in Gilead, a dystopian society. Radical feminists complained about their old lifestyles, so in Gilead laws and rules are much different. For example, men cannotRead MoreThe Handmaid s Tale By Margaret Atwood1540 Words   |  7 Pages Name: Nicole. Zeng Assignment: Summative written essay Date:11 May, 2015. Teacher: Dr. Strong. Handmaid’s Tale The literary masterpiece The Handmaid’s Tale by Margaret Atwood, is a story not unlike a cold fire; hope peeking through the miserable and meaningless world in which the protagonist gets trapped. The society depicts the discrimination towards femininity, blaming women for their low birth rate and taking away the right from the females to be educated ,forbidding them from readingRead MoreThe Handmaid s Tale By Margaret Atwood1667 Words   |  7 Pagesrhetorical devices and figurative language, that he or she is using. The Handmaid’s Tale, which is written by Margaret Atwood, is the novel that the author uses several different devices and techniques to convey her attitude and her points of view by running the story with a narrator Offred, whose social status in the Republic of Gilead is Handmaid and who is belongings of the Commander. Atwood creates her novel The Handmaid’s Tale to be more powerful tones by using imagery to make a visibleness, hyperbole

Planning and Evaluating Event Legacy

Question: Discuss about the Planning and Evaluating Event Legacy. Answer: Introduction: Depending on the pattern of events, the idea of legacy can be diversified. In the context of the sport events, the legacies can be identified as the economic, social, civic or urban regeneration effects on the stakeholders by the planning, funding, building and staging of that particular event. In this report, the author has chosen the mega event of Olympic of 2012 that took place in London, UK. Being a magnificent sport event of the world, it had a long term event legacy on its stakeholders. The author has evaluated the event legacy of 2012 London Olympic. He has divided the report in five different but interrelated parts. In the beginning, the author has described the concepts related to the event legacy in reference to the 2012 London Olympic. Then he has provided a brief discussion over the legacy effects of 2012 London Olympic. In the next part, the author has discussed about the type of the legacy in reference to the selected event. Then, he has described the major challenges and limitations of the legacy approach related to the 2012 London Olympic which can be a lesion to the event management officials or other stakeholders of an event. Finally, the author has concluded the report, with a summary of the whole discussion. Concept of event legacy and 2012 UK Olympic: The idea of event legacy can be identified as the after effect of major events (the benefits or the loses) upon the stakeholders of that event, especially the host city or the local community. As mentioned by Packer et al. (2015) the idea of legacy planning or event legacy is largely connected to the mega sports events. In this report, the chosen event is the London Olympic of 2012. The national and international events essentially include a number of planning issues. As discussed by Davies and Mackenzie (2014) from logistics to costs, the legacy planning needs be managed in a such a manner, so that it becomes able to create the highest level of positive legacy effect and minimal negative legacy effect. In the sector of event planning and management, event legacy is largely the effect of the event which can sustain longer than the event itself. As mentioned by Weed (2014) the legacy cube suggests that the legacy effect can be planned, unplanned, negative, positive, tangible and intangible too. On the other hand, as mentioned by Giulianotti et al. (2015) the stakeholders of a certain event can be identified as the units like national government, local political figures, organizing committees, national population, environmentalists, both the wealthy and socially deprived population of the host country, local industries and many more. Thus, it can be noted that the legacy effect of an event can be multi dimensional. Here in the case of the 2012 London Olympic, it can be identified a as historical sport event that is arranged every four year with more than 200 countries participating. In 2012, the event was arranged in London, UK with the participation of 204 countries. It created a long term economic, sporting, and social and regeneration effects. Legacy effects of 2012 UK Olympic: As mentioned earlier, the legacy effects can be positive, negative, long and short term, tangible and intangible. As discussed by Boykoff and Fussey (2014) depending on the legacy types, the legacy effects may vary. In most of the sport legacies, the short term effects include increased opportunity of entertainment, social meetings, and great international exposures to the stakeholders, increased employment skills, increased tourism flow and many more. On the other hand, as opined by Mackintosh et al. (2015) the long term effects of a major sport legacy can create the long term effects like increased brand image of the host country or city, change in the knowledge and skill base of the human resource of the country, creation of national pride and many more. In addition to this, there are a number of negative impacts those cannot be ignored and eliminated fully by the stakeholders. The effects and regeneration can be varied and diversified for different stake holders. As discussed by Mahtani et al. (2013) the idea of regeneration legacy can be identified as a long term effect of an event. According to Bell and Gallimore (2015) regeneration is a inclusive and integrated aspiration and action that leads to the resolve of many urban issues and that is able to bring about a long-term improvement in the financial, physical, societal and environmental circumstances of a country. In the context of 2012 London Olympic the following legacy effects can be identified: Positive effects: As mentioned by Bell and Gallimore (2015) the empirical evidences show that the hosting of the 2012 London Olympic has increased the employments in the country. From the job opportunities on the site to other supporting industries like restaurants, transport, hotels and many other huge level of employment opportunity arose. As mentioned by Fussey, Coaffee and Hobbs (2016) with the scopes of volunteering to temporary employment opportunities, the 2012 London Olympic has increased the skill set, self esteem and aspiration of the population of the country. The economically deprived population got an opportunity for employment that was a boost for their self image. Thus, with an increased job opportunity, the economy attended a significant growth. Moreover, as mentioned by Bell and Gallimore (2015) the international exposure to the country increased the trade with a large number of customers. as mentioned by Fussey, Coaffee and Hobbs (2016) the legacy effect of 2012 London Olympic reveal s that the UK economy has experienced a trade and commerce improvement of more than 14 billion (USD 23.8 billion) during and after the 2012 London Olympic defeating the four-year objective of 11 billion (USD 18.7 billion), in half the time with the UK businesses securing agreement wins, added sales and increased foreign investment in the following two years of the 2012 London Olympic. Moreover, in the context of the tourism opportunities, the 2012 London Olympic increased the brand image of the country and the Olympic Park got an extra level of tourist attraction. As mentioned by Gold and Gold (2015) since the 2012 London Olympic, Britain experienced increase in the number of international visitors which is more than 33 million in 2013. On the other hand, in the sporting context, Mahtani et al. (2013) have identified that the school sports participation has been increased. In the long term effect, the knowledge increase in the construction sector can also be identified as a significant legacy effect. Moreover, as mentioned by Watt (2013) more than 2800 homes was made after the conversion of the Athletes Village into a housing complex. It provided job opportunity and knowledge base to the construction workers. In the infrastructural sector, the 2012 London Olympic left London with transport legacies like the DLR extension. The use of the Olympic Javelin bullet trains was there till 2015 and it directed to the up gradation of some stations. Moreover, the Olympic park has been used in some other prestigious events. Negative effects: As mentioned by Giulianotti et al. (2015) the empirical evidences essentially show that there were a great number of unjust displacements associated to the 2012 London Olympic. Many scholars have identified that, the focus of the regeneration or structural changes was typically upon the businesses and not on the social issues. According to many scholars the government paid due concentration over the issues related to the displacements of the neighbouring societies of the Olympic park. It has made the governmental focus mainly on the economic issues than the civil demands. Urban regeneration: In the sector of regeneration the national government had the regeneration aspiration of transforming the heart of East London. As mentioned by the governmental sources, the national authority identified the regeneration framework as following: Creation of a coherent and high quality attractive city within the world city region (Watt 2013) Reducing unemployment Improved housing management Maximising the sports legacy and others. With the increased housing settlement, huge job opportunities (though most of them were on the temporary basis), increased infrastructure, improved trade and tourism opportunities, increased level of sport participation in the schools, the 2012 London Olympic has provided a sustainable urban regeneration to Britain. The type of legacy examples Several researchers have tried to categorize the various types of legacies, especially in a huge sports event like Olympics. Some gains can be seen before and during the event, but some might be seen years after the ending of the game. Packer et al. (2015) states that, tangible legacies include the urban and sporting legacies, which enhance the appeal of the host city and develops the urban regeneration, whereas intangible ones are not apparently visible. It might be related to enhanced work skills of common people, or the spirit among the population of the host city. Generally Olympic legacies fall into five categories Sporting, Economic, Social, Urban and Environmental (Mackintosh et al. 2015). The UK Olympics 2012 came with five legacy promises considering the long term benefits of the game, such as making UK the leading sporting nation of the world, to inspire the young generation, transforming the heart of East London, making the Olympic park with a design of sustainable usages , and making UK a welcoming place for visitation and business (Bretherton, Piggin and Bodet 2016). Sporting Legacy The sports legacy is related with the practical value that the sporting events bring to the city or the country. Most of the venues of Olympic Games have been converted for other substitutes after the game is finished. The UK Olympics had begun in around two years time. The government has used the 2008 plan to claim the benefits of hosting the Olympics in UK and promises to make it a leading sporting nation in the world. According to Thompson et al. (2015), the Department of Culture, Media and Sport shows the way on getting more visitors through the sports, and the Sport England, which is the government agency accountable for community sports, worked hard to get around one million adults to take part in sports on a regular basis. Economic Legacy It was the economic boost for several inland areas which keep struggling to keep the pace with the resourceful affluent coastal areas. There were important economic gains regarding the infrastructure and several new job positions were opened increasing the economic activities. The construction of the ne Olympic Park had employed around 30000 workers, with 7% of unemployed ones before the Olympic Games (Raco 2014). The way East End of the city transformed, it was expected to become a major economic channel in future. The other newly built construction projects such as the International Broadcast Centre, buildings transformed into commercial usages had brought many opportunities to the local population and provided them more commercial service space. Social Legacy The UK 2012 Olympic was the finale to the four year long cultural Olympiad and showcased the huge cultural heritage of Great Britain in the twelve week long cultural event featuring approximately 25000 artists all over the world (Giulianotti et al. 2015). Education has always been the integral part of the social legacy and provided a stage to teach the Olympics values. Over 80% schools of the country had taken part in the host activities of the fames being motivated through the morals and sports. Environmental Legacy Environmental legacy is the creation of green spaces around the venues for the satisfaction of the community. UK has used the Olympics Games 2012 as a chance for transforming a former industrial landsite into parklands and created the largest urban park in Europe. After the games the park continued to offer habitat comprising of the wetland areas and grasslands. The hosting also led the introduction of more environment friendly public transport systems and energy sources. Sustainability is always the major key of consideration during the project design and the infrastructure of the venues of the games. The games have shown sustainable practices of the public awareness of the environment and greater policies. Urban Legacy In preparations of UK Olympics 2012, London had les to regenerate the largest urban project in Europe with the Olympic Park in one of the deprived areas of the host city (Mahtani et al. 2013). After the Games got over, the newly built sports amenities were adopted by the sports local communities or the sports clubs. Bell and Gallimore (2015) states that, even the Olympic Village has transformed in around 2800 homes along with the transport developments linking the main city with the other parts of the country. The transport infrastructure has been improved in the host cities and the other networks as well. The investments have lead to the expansion of the main roads and other means of connecting to the host cities. Challenges and Limitations of a legacy approach Delivering the legacy approaches involve a huge range of actions. Several researchers have found out interventions in maintaining the legacy approaches and faced some difficult challenges. There are many technological modifications that weaken the business value of the legacy system (Nichols and Ralston 2015). The host country always struggles with the issues of modernization of amenities while they try to keep the functionality undamaged. There are three inevitable split of the Olympic Games for the host city, first one is the leading up period when millions of dollars get invested into the new infrastructure and other facilities (Bauman, Murphy and Matsudo 2013). The second one comes during the event and the final stage comes after the game, which is the longest period. It is when the games have passed and the athletes and the visitors have returned home (Lockstone-Binney et al. 2016). This is the period which determines whether the country had made financial benefits out of the ev ent or did not. There are several critical factors that can challenge the success factor of the event. Delivering the legacy was a major undertaking of the government departments and the local authorities. A vast range of individuals were involved in the procedure of making the event successful while all the job opportunities were temporary. Those were generated only because of the event giving rise to complicated arrangements of the further proceedings. In the long term nature any legacy programme need a sustainable commitment and idea. The regeneration of East London had struggled because of the political changes. There were cross party compromise concerning the hosting of the Games. Sustained cooperation was required for the successful preparation which was sometimes lacking (Smith et al. 2016). There were few displacement issues in conducting the event; many were removed from their habitats for the future changes and construction issue. These were some inevitable policies that w ere adopted but became unproductive for the local population. There was construction issues before the event and the Olympic park were uncertain despite the funding of 1 billion euro. The speed and innovative ideas were significant while the procedure was going on, but that turned into rolling out other projects swiftly. Conclusion The outcome of the Olympic Games was the crucial moment in the history of the country while providing unique opportunities and positive changes in the local community despite facing several challenges and limitations during the event (Bernstock 2014).The bid cities had emphasized the legacies while the hosting of the event and promoted positive legacies. While the displacement and political issues have created crucial ups and downs in the course of the event, the city has welcomed the athletes and visitors unconditionally. However, the positive changes and the legacies did not happen automatically and needed careful planning and embedment of the vision of the host city. Delivering the strong legacies has always demanded strong partnership between the leaders of the city, organizers and the members of the Olympic organization committee (Cunningham 2014). However the IOC worked hard to help the organizers, applicants and the volunteers coming all over the country. Considering the fact that all the cities are different, the IOC encouraged everyone to reflect their own goal and have the shared commitment towards the financial benefits of the country (Williams and Carter 2014). Several examples show that the host cities were able to be benefitted by staging the games in two ways, as the successful sporting events and as a catalyst for improvement of the country. References: Bauman, A., Murphy, N.M. and Matsudo, V., 2013. Is a population-level physical activity legacy of the London 2012 Olympics likely?.Journal of Physical Activity and Health,10(1), pp.1-3. Bell, B. and Gallimore, K., 2015. Embracing the games? Leverage and legacy of London 2012 Olympics at the sub-regional level by means of strategic partnerships. Leisure Studies, 34(6), pp.720-741. Bell, B. and Gallimore, K., 2015. Embracing the games? Leverage and legacy of London 2012 Olympics at the sub-regional level by means of strategic partnerships.Leisure Studies,34(6), pp.720-741. Bernstock, P., 2014.Olympic housing: A critical review of London 2012's legacy. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. Boykoff, J. and Fussey, P., 2014. London's shadow legacies: security and activism at the 2012 Olympics. Contemporary Social Science, 9(2), pp.253-270. Bretherton, P., Piggin, J. and Bodet, G., 2016. Olympic sport and physical activity promotion: the rise and fall of the London 2012 pre-event mass participation legacy.International Journal of Sport Policy and Politics,8(4), pp.609-624. Cunningham, J., 2014. The Olympicsgoing for gold and what else?: can London 2012 urban regeneration legacy be considered as sustainable development?.Master Thesis Series in Environmental Studies and Sustainability Science. Davies, A. and Mackenzie, I., 2014. Project complexity and systems integration: Constructing the London 2012 Olympics and Paralympics Games. International Journal of Project Management, 32(5), pp.773-790. Fussey, P., Coaffee, J. and Hobbs, D., 2016. Securing and sustaining the Olympic City: reconfiguring London for 2012 and beyond. Routledge. Giulianotti, R., Armstrong, G., Hales, G. and Hobbs, D., 2015. Global sport mega?events and the politics of mobility: the case of the London 2012 Olympics. The British journal of sociology, 66(1), pp.118-140. Giulianotti, R., Armstrong, G., Hales, G. and Hobbs, D., 2015. Sport Mega-Events and Public Opposition A Sociological Study of the London 2012 Olympics. Journal of Sport Social Issues, 39(2), pp.99-119. Gold, J.R. and Gold, M.M., 2015, March. Sustainability, legacy and the 2012 London Games. In Routledge Handbook of Sport and Legacy: Meeting the Challenge of Major Sports Events (p. 142). Routledge. Lockstone-Binney, L., Holmes, K., Shipway, R. and Smith, K.A., 2016. Evaluating the Volunteering Infrastructure Legacy of the Olympic Games: Sydney 2000 and London 2012.Final Report. Mackintosh, C., Darko, N., Rutherford, Z. and Wilkins, H.M., 2015. A qualitative study of the impact of the London 2012 Olympics on families in the East Midlands of England: lessons for sports development policy and practice. Sport, education and society, 20(8), pp.1065-1087. Mackintosh, C., Darko, N., Rutherford, Z. and Wilkins, H.M., 2015. A qualitative study of the impact of the London 2012 Olympics on families in the East Midlands of England: lessons for sports development policy and practice.Sport, education and society,20(8), pp.1065-1087. Mahtani, K.R., Protheroe, J., Slight, S.P., Demarzo, M.M.P., Blakeman, T., Barton, C.A., Brijnath, B. and Roberts, N., 2013. Can the London 2012 Olympics inspire a generationto do more physical or sporting activities? An overview of systematic reviews. BMJ open, 3(1), p.e002058. Nichols, G. and Ralston, R., 2015. The legacy costs of delivering the 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games through regulatory capitalism.Leisure Studies,34(4), pp.389-404. Packer, C., Geh, D.J., Goulden, O.W., Jordan, A.M., Withers, G.K., Wagstaff, A.J., Bellwood, R.A., Binmore, C.L. and Webster, C.L., 2015. No lasting legacy: no change in reporting of women's sports in the British print media with the London 2012 Olympics and Paralympics. Journal of Public Health, 37(1), pp.50-56. Raco, M., 2014. Delivering Flagship Projects in an Era of Regulatory Capitalism: State?led Privatization and the London Olympics 2012.International Journal of Urban and Regional Research,38(1), pp.176-197. Smith, G.E., Elliot, A.J., Ibbotson, S., Morbey, R., Edeghere, O., Hawker, J., Catchpole, M., Endericks, T., Fisher, P. and McCloskey, B., 2016. Novel public health risk assessment process developed to support syndromic surveillance for the 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games.Journal of Public Health. Thompson, C., Lewis, D.J., Greenhalgh, T., Smith, N.R., Fahy, A.E. and Cummins, S., 2015. Everyone was looking at you smiling: East London residents' experiences of the 2012 Olympics and its legacy on the social determinants of health.Health place,36, pp.18-24. Watt, P., 2013. It's not for us Regeneration, the 2012 Olympics and the gentrification of East London. City, 17(1), pp.99-118. Weed, M., 2014. Is tourism a legitimate legacy from the Olympic and Paralympic Games? An analysis of London 2012 legacy strategy using programme theory. Journal of Sport Tourism, 19(2), pp.101-126. Williams, J. and Carter, N., 2014. Offering something back to society?Learning disability, ethnicity and sporting legacy: hosting the Special Olympics GB Summer Games in Leicester, 2009.British Journal of Learning Disabilities,42(3), pp.214-220.

Sojourner Truth Essays - American Slaves, Sojourner Truth

Sojourner Truth In an ever changing world , the evolution of man has been the most drastic in terms of technological, environmental, and emotional advancement. With great expansions in the various areas mentioned earlier the human being has ignored the very entity of there existence, and the power of reasoning, the ability to comprehend right from wrong without distortion. The Narrative of Sojourner Truth illustrates the hardships that were endured: enslavement, illiteracy, underclassing, brutal assaults, and murders. The African -American women were classed as third rate in the human scale that was implemented by the slaveowners; categorized under the whites, then under the African-American males. The African-American women were kept in good standing for the convenience of child bearing. Overburdened with the trials and tribulations of slavery Sojourner Truth was able to prosper with spiritual beliefs. Sojourner Truth's stability was made possible by a strong belief in the Holy Spirit. God was the major source of guidance, and willpower from the commencement of the slave trade until the emancipation of slavery. Slavery was orchestrated on a mass scale and caused the separation of many families in order to ensure that slaves would remain with there respective masters. Subservience to the slaveowners was considered to be sacred. Slaves were mentally programmed to believe there masters were gods. The wives of the slaveowners were seen as goddess's ,with there prime intent on down playing the daily work done by the African-American women. This was evident with Sojourner's first slave mistress, the continuos work routine that was endure by Sojourner, was difficult for males to accomplished. the slaves loyal to there masters. Ignorance of the slaves was a pivotal point in terms of loyalty. Considering slave knowledge was limited, in terms of the genetic appearance, beliefs, and language; slaveowners could use this in a condescending manner to position themselves as gods in the eyes of Sojourner and other slaves. At this time she looked upon her master as a God; and believed that he could see her at all times, even as God himself. 1 Female African-American's were kept from experiencing any form of higher learning, they were confined to common household chores- duties that were befitting of a maid. The majority were sent to perform field duties. The Narrative clearly shows that Sojourner (a.k.a.) Isabella was subjected to this type of work throughout her adult life ,mean while her life began to take shape despite the continuos curtailing of her emotional growth. This is directly related to her mother's early testimony about the highest spirits and the magnitude of his power in relations to suffering and distressing situations. " My children there is a God, who hears and sees you", A God, mau-mau! where does he live? asked the children. "He lives in the sky," she replied, "and when you are beaten ,or cruelly treated, or fall into any trouble, you must ask help of him, and he will always hear and help you." She taught them to keel and say the Lord's prayer. 2 Underclassing exploited the African American women for the most part Sojourner was rated second class by the wife of her slavemaster, the master was very appreciative of the slave that would work for days upon days without sleep. Unlike any other slave Sojourner would work whole heartedly without any form of hesitation. In terms of views of various work loads, and different job types, a local. Although Sojourner was highly noted as a slave she was always sited as something that was irrespectfull of a human. It was a fine triumph for Sojourner and her master, and she became more ambitious than ever to please him; and he stimulated her ambition by his commendation, and by boasting of her to his friends, telling them that "that wench " (pointing to Isabel) is better to me than a man- for she will do a good family's washing in the night, and be ready in the morning to go into the field, where she will do as much at raking and binding as my best hands". 3 Sojourner's work ethics were adopted without the incentive of monetary gain or ownership of land. Payment was the continuance of life, chances to have